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INSTALLATION NOTES for NetBSD/x68k 1.3.3 Be sure to read _ALL_ of this document before you try to install NetBSD/x68k. What is NetBSD? ---- -- ------ The NetBSD Operating System is a fully functional UN*X-like system derived from the Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. NetBSD runs on many architectures and is being ported to more. NetBSD is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that this release wouldn't have come about. The NetBSD 1.3.3 release is a security and bug fix update for the NetBSD 1.3 release. The NetBSD 1.3 release was a landmark. Building upon the successful NetBSD 1.2 release, we have provided numerous and significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of many bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many userland enhancements. The results of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. It is impossible to summarize the 18 months of development that went into the NetBSD 1.3 release. Some of the significant changes include: Support for machine independent device drivers has been radically improved with the addition of the "bus.h" interface, providing a high quality abstraction for machine and architecture independent device access. The bus_dma interface has also been integrated, providing a machine-independent abstraction for DMA mapping. This permits many good things, including (among many) clean multi-platform bounce buffer support. Framework support for ISA "Plug and Play" has been added, as well as support for numerous "Plug and Play" devices. APM support has been added to NetBSD/i386. An initial cut of multi-platform PCMCIA support has been added. Support for ATAPI devices (initially just ATAPI CD-ROM drives) has been added. Support for Sun 3/80s (sun3x architecture) has been added. Support for R4000 DECstations has been added. Integration/merger of 4.4BSD Lite-2 sources into userland programs has nearly been completed. Most of userland now compiles with high levels of gcc warnings turned on, which has lead to the discovery and elimination of many bugs. The i386 boot blocks have been completely replaced with a new, libsa based two stage boot system. This has permitted integration of compressed boot support (see below). Many ports now support booting of compressed kernels, and feature new "Single Floppy" install systems that boot compressed install kernels and ramdisks. We intend to do substantial work on improving ease of installation in the future. "ypserv" has been added, thus completing our support for the "yp" network information system suite. Support for the Linux "ext2fs" filesystem and for FAT32 "msdosfs" filesystems has been added. TCP now has a SYN "compressed state engine" which provides increased robustness under high levels of received SYNs (as in the case of "SYN flood" attacks.) (Much of this code was derived from sources provided by BSDI.) An initial implementation of Path MTU discovery has been integrated (though it is not turned on by default). An initial kernel based random number generator pseudodevice has been added. Several major fixes have been integrated for the VM subsystem, including the fix of a notorious VM leak, improved synchronization between mmap()ed and open()ed files, and massively improved performance in low real memory conditions. A new swap subsystem has radically improved configuration and management of swap devices and adds swapping to files. Userland ntp support, including xntpd, has been integrated. The audio subsystems have been substantially debugged and improved, and now offer substantial emulation of the OSS audio interface, thus providing the ability to cleanly run emulated Linux and FreeBSD versions of sound intensive programs. A "packages" system has been adapted from FreeBSD and will provide binary package installations for third party applications. The XFree86 X source tree has been made a supported part of the NetBSD distribution, and X servers (if built for this port), libraries and utilities are now shipped with our releases. The ftp(1) program has been made astoundingly overfunctional. It supports command line editing, tab completion, status bars, automatic download of URLs specified on the command line, firewall support and many other features. All ports now use "new" config. Old config has been laid to rest. The ARP subsystem and API has been rewritten to make it less ethernet-centric. A new if_media subsystem has been added which allows network interfaces to be configured using media type names rather than device-specific mode bits. Many kernel interface manual pages have been added to manual section 9. Several ports support much more hardware. Many updates to bring NetBSD closer to standards compliance. Most third party packages have been updated to the latest stable release. As has been noted, there have also been innumerable bug fixes. Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue. NetBSD 1.3 also includes some refinement to the NetBSD binary emulation system (which includes FreeBSD, HP-UX, iBCS2, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, SVR4, Solaris and Ultrix compatibility), bringing NetBSD closer to the goal of making the emulation as accurate as possible. In the near future, we hope to integrate a fully rewritten Virtual Memory subsystem, kernel threads, and SMP support. NetBSD 1.3.3 is the second public release of NetBSD for the x68k platform. The Future of NetBSD: --- ------ -- ------ The NetBSD Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the NetBSD Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the NetBSD Project. The NetBSD Foundation will help improve the quality of NetBSD by: * providing better organization to keep track of development efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in related fields. * providing a framework to receive donations of goods and services and to own the resources necessary to run the NetBSD Project. * providing a better position from which to undertake promotional activities. * periodically organizing workshops for developers and other interested people to discuss ongoing work. We hope to have regular releases of the full binary and source trees, but these are difficult to coordinate, especially with all of the architectures which we now support! We hope to support even _more_ hardware in the future, and have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve NetBSD. We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources will provide them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system. Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be responsive to the needs and desires of NetBSD users, because it is for and because of them that NetBSD exists. Sources of NetBSD: ------- -- ------ NetBSD Mirror Site List The following sites mirror NetBSD as of December 01, 1998. If you wish to become a distribution site for NetBSD, contact mirrors@netbsd.org. FTP mirrors ----------- Australia * ftp.au.netbsd.org RMIT University, Melbourne ftp://ftp.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * ftp2.au.netbsd.org University of Queensland, Brisbane ftp://ftp2.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD Austria * ftp.at.netbsd.org University of Technology, Vienna ftp://ftp.at.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD Brazil * ftp.ravel.ufrj.br Cidade Universitaria ftp://ftp.ravel.ufrj.br/pub/NetBSD Denmark * ftp.dk.netbsd.org Aalborg University ftp://ftp.dk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD Finland * ftp.fi.netbsd.org The Finnish University and Research Network, Espoo ftp://ftp.fi.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD France * ftp.fr.netbsd.org Paris University ftp://ftp.fr.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD Germany * ftp.de.netbsd.org University of Trier ftp://ftp.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * ftp2.de.netbsd.org University of Erlangen-Nuremberg ftp://ftp2.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * ftp.uni-regensburg.de University of Regensburg ftp://ftp.uni-regensburg.de/pub/comp/os/NetBSD Japan * ftp.jp.netbsd.org Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo ftp://ftp.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * ftp.dti.ad.jp ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/NetBSD/ * mirror.nucba.ac.jp Nagoya University of Commerce and Business ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/NetBSD * netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp Tohoku University ftp://netbsd.tohoku.ac.jp/NetBSD Korea * sunsite.kren.ne.kr Seoul National University ftp://sunsite.kren.ne.kr/pub/OS/NetBSD Netherlands * ftp.nl.netbsd.org University of Amsterdam ftp://ftp.nl.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD Norway * ftp.no.netbsd.org ftp://ftp.no.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * ftp.ntnu.no Norwegian University of Science and Technology ftp://ftp.ntnu.no/pub/NetBSD * skarven.itea.ntnu.no Norwegian University of Science and Technology ftp://skarven.itea.ntnu.no/pub/NetBSD Russia * ftp.ru.netbsd.org Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Chernogolovka ftp://ftp.ru.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD Sweden * ftp.stacken.kth.se Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OS/NetBSD * ftp.sunet.se Swedish University NETwork, Uppsala ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/os/NetBSD UK * ftp.uk.netbsd.org Domino, London ftp://ftp.uk.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * sunsite.org.uk ftp://sunsite.org.uk/packages/netbsd USA * ftp.netbsd.org Silicon Valley, California ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD * ftp.cs.umn.edu University of Minnesota ftp://ftp.cs.umn.edu/pub/NetBSD * ftp.eecs.umich.edu University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ftp://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/pub/NetBSD * ftp.iastate.edu Iowa State University ftp://ftp.iastate.edu/pub/netbsd * ftp.op.net ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/NetBSD AFS mirrors ----------- Sweden * ftp.stacken.kth.se Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm AFS path: /afs/stacken.kth.se/ftp/pub/OS/NetBSD USA * ftp.iastate.edu Iowa State University AFS path: /afs/iastate.edu/public/ftp/pub/netbsd NFS mirrors ----------- UK * sunsite.org.uk Instructions: mount -o ro sunsite.org.uk:/public/packages/netbsd /mnt SUP mirrors ----------- Australia * sup.au.netbsd.org RMIT University, Melbourne Instructions: ftp://sup.au.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup France * sup.fr.netbsd.org Paris University Instructions: Similar to sup.netbsd.org Germany * sup.de.netbsd.org University of Trier Instructions: ftp://sup.de.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/supfile.example * sup.owl.de Instructions: ftp://sup.owl.de/pub/sup/supfile.example Japan * sup.jp.netbsd.org Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo Instructions: ftp://sup.jp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup Norway * skarven.itea.ntnu.no Norwegian University of Science and Technology Instructions: Use this line as your sup file to get /usr/README.supinfo- skarven:current release=supinfo host=skarven.itea.ntnu.no use-rel-suffix backup delete old base=/usr prefix=/usr hostbase=/supmirror UK * sup.uk.netbsd.org Domino, London Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup USA * sup.netbsd.org Silicon Valley, California Instructions: See ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/sup/README.sup * ftp.cs.umn.edu University of Minnesota Instructions: hostbase=/ftp/ftp/packages/NetBSD, collections are the same as on sup.NetBSD.ORG WWW mirrors ----------- Australia * www.au.netbsd.org RMIT University, Melbourne http://www.au.netbsd.org/ Austria * www.at.netbsd.org University of Technology, Vienna http://www.at.netbsd.org/ Finland * www.fi.netbsd.org Global Wire Oy, Lappeenranta http://www.fi.netbsd.org/ France * www.fr.netbsd.org Paris University http://www.fr.netbsd.org/ Germany * www.de.netbsd.org http://www.de.netbsd.org/ Japan * www.jp.netbsd.org Internet Research Institute Inc., Tokyo http://www.jp.netbsd.org/ Norway * www.no.netbsd.org http://www.no.netbsd.org/ USA * www.netbsd.org Western Washington State University http://www.netbsd.org/ * www2.us.netbsd.org New York http://www.us.netbsd.org/ NetBSD 1.3.3 Release Contents: ------ ----- ------- -------- The NetBSD 1.3.3 release is organized in the following way: .../NetBSD-1.3.3/ BUGS Known bugs list (incomplete and out of date). CHANGES Changes since NetBSD's last release (and before). LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes. MIRRORS A list of sites that mirror the NetBSD 1.3.3 distribution. README.files README describing the distribution's contents. TODO NetBSD's todo list (incomplete and out of date). patches/ Post-release source code patches. source/ Source distribution sets; see below. In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which NetBSD 1.3.3 has a binary distribution. There are also 'README.export-control' files sprinkled liberally throughout the distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the distribution (i.e. the `domestic' portion) that may be subject to export regulations of the United States. It is your responsibility to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions and to act accordingly. The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the "source" subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: secrsrc.tgz: This set contains the "domestic" sources. These sources may be subject to United States export regulations. [ 412K gzipped, 1.8M uncompressed ] gnusrc.tgz: This set contains the "gnu" sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. [ 15.6M gzipped, 66.4M uncompressed ] syssrc.tgz: This set contains the sources to the NetBSD 1.3.3 kernel, config(8), and dbsym(8). [ 10.7M gzipped, 50.0M uncompressed ] sharesrc.tgz: This set contains the "share" sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program, the sources for the typesettable document set, the dictionaries, and more. [ 2.9M gzipped, 11.1M uncompressed ] src.tgz: This set contains all of the NetBSD 1.3.3 sources which are not mentioned above. [ 13.9M gzipped, 60.7M uncompressed ] It is worth noting that unless all of the source distribution sets are installed (except the domestic set), you can't rebuild and install the system from scratch, straight out of the box. However, all that is required to rebuild the system in that case is a trivial modification to one Makefile. Most of the above source sets are located in the source/sets subdirectory of the distribution tree. The secrsrc.tgz set is contained in the source/security subdirectory. This set, which is available only to users in the United States and Canada, contains the sources normally found in /usr/src/domestic -- primarily kerberos and other cryptographic security related software. (Remember, because of United States law, it may not be legal to distribute this set to locations outside of the United States and Canada.) The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. They may be unpacked into /usr/src with the command: cat set_name.tgz | gunzip | (cd /; tar xpf - ) The sets/Split/ and security/Split/ subdirectories contain split versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. The split sets are are named "set_name.xx" where "set_name" is the distribution set name, and "xx" is the sequence number of the file, starting with "aa" for the first file in the distribution set, then "ab" for the next, and so on. All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data for that distribution set.) The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with "cat" as follows: cat set_name.?? | gunzip | (cd /; tar xpf - ) In each of the source distribution set directories, there is a file named "CKSUMS" which contains the checksums of the files in that directory, as generated by the cksum(1) utility. You can use cksum to check the integrity of the archives, if you suspect that one of the files is corrupt and have access to a cksum binary. Checksums based on other algorithms may also be present -- see the release(7) man page for details. The x68k-specific portion of the NetBSD 1.3.3 release is found in the "x68k" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../NetBSD-1.3.3/x68k/ INSTALL Installation notes; this file. binary/sets/ x68k binary distribution sets; see below. floppies/ x68k boot and installation floppy; see below. utils/ installation utilities which runs on Human68k. There is a floppy image in the "x68k/floppies" subdirectory of the NetBSD 1.3.3 distribution, called "boot.fs". This can be used for both installing NetBSD/x68k for the first time, and upgrading it from the previous release. There is also gzipped version of this floppy (named with ".fs.gz") available. The NetBSD/x68k binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the NetBSD 1.3.3 release for the x68k. There are eight binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "x68k/binary/sets" subdirectory of the NetBSD 1.3.3 distribution tree, and are as follows: base The NetBSD/x68k 1.3.3 base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below. [ 8.7M gzipped, 25.2M uncompressed ] comp The NetBSD/x68k Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C, C++, Objective C, and FORTRAN (yes, there are two, although NO FORTRAN compiler!). This set includes the system include files (/usr/include), the linker, the compiler tool chain, and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. [ 6.5M gzipped, 22.8M uncompressed ] etc This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set MUST be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should NOT be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and CAREFULLY upgrade your configuration files by hand.) [ 53K gzipped, 330K uncompressed ] games This set includes the games and their manual pages. [ 2.8M gzipped, 7.0M uncompressed ] kern This set contains a NetBSD/x68k 1.3.3 ALL kernel, named "/netbsd". You MUST install this distribution set. [ 640K gzipped, 1.4M uncompressed ] man This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. [ 2.4M gzipped, 9.8M uncompressed ] misc This set includes the system dictionaries (which are rather large), the typesettable document set, and man pages for other architectures which happen to be installed from the source tree by default. [ 2.1M gzipped, 8.2M uncompressed ] text This set includes NetBSD's text processing tools, including groff, all related programs, and their manual pages. [ 1.0M gzipped, 3.7M uncompressed ] IMPORTANT: In previous versions of NetBSD, the kernel from the install floppy was copied onto the hard drive in a special step. In the new install system, the kernel on the floppy is unsuited to being copied onto the hard drive. Instead, a new set, "kern", has been added which contains a generic kernel to be unloaded onto the drive. It must be extracted in order to have a minimally functioning system. For other platform, there is a security distribution named "secr" provided. The x68k security distribution is not provided in the binary form. The x68k binary distribution sets are distributed as gzipped tar files named with the extension ".tgz", e.g. "base.tgz". The instructions given for extracting the source sets work equally well for the binary sets, but it is worth noting that if you use that method, the files are extracted "below" the current directory. That is, if you want to extract the binaries "into" your system, i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have to run the "tar xpf" from /. Also note that if you upgrade or install this way, those programs that you are using at the time will NOT be replaced unless you run "tar" with the "--unlink" option. If you follow the normal installation or upgrade procedures, this will be taken care of for you. NetBSD System Requirements and Supported Devices: ------ ------ ------------ --- --------- ------- NetBSD/x68k 1.3.3 runs on the Sharp X68030 series PCs with TRUE MC68030 MPU (not MC68EC030) and FPU. Since the processor of the X68030 series is MC68EC030, you need to replace it with MC68030 (Simply remove the old chip and put the new one instead. instead. The largest difficulty might be to open your X68030). In addition, some accelerators are supported: Xellent30 series 040turbo Jupiter-X (040 / 060) 060turbo This means all models of X680x0 series PC except for CZ-600C and CZ-674C, by using the appropriate accelerator, can run NetBSD!! Note that the processor of Xellent30 series is MC68EC030, so you need to replace your processor as well as for X68030. The minimal configuration requires 4M of RAM and about 80M of disk space. To install the entire system requires much more disk space, and to run X or compile the system, more RAM is recommended. Here is a table of recommended HD partition sizes for a full install: partition: advise, with X, needed, with X root (/) 20M 20M 15M 15M user (/usr) 95M 125M 75M 105M swap ----- 2M for every M ram ----- local (/local) up to you As you may note the recommended size of /usr is 20M greater than needed. This is to leave room for a kernel source and compile tree as you will probably want to compile your own kernel. (ALL is large and bulky to accommodate all people). Supported devices include: - Sharp genuine SCSI interface (builtin / optional) * SCSI harddisks, CD-ROM drives, tape drives, scanners,... - Mankai Seisakusho Mach-2 SCSI interface - The builtin floppy drives - The builtin frame buffer (both of the text and graphics screen) - The builtin serial (RS-232C) - The builtin parallel (Centronics printer interface) - The standard keyboard - The mouse / trackball - NS16550 serial - Neptune-X ethernet Hopefully, the AD-PCM sound device will be supported on the next release. IMPORTANT NOTE: Xellent users *MUST* change the address map setting for it from the default ($ECC000 - $ECFFFF) before installation. This is because the default address conflicts with the Neptune-X ethernet interface, and the Neptune driver is confused by it. All the settings other than the default are ok. Once you installed NetBSD, and configured your own kernel, you can restore the setting. Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media: ------- --- ------ ------ -- -- ------ ----- Installation is supported from several media types, including: Removable SCSI hard disk, or Magneto-Optical disk (MO) Tape Remote NFS partition FTP No matter which installation medium you choose, you'll need to have a floppy disk. On the first, you'll put the install or upgrade floppy image, depending on whether you're installing NetBSD for the first time, or upgrading a previous installation. If you are using a UN*X-like system to write the floppy images to disks, you should use the "dd" command to copy the file system images (.fs files) directly to the raw floppy disks. It is suggested that you read the dd(1) manual page or ask your system administrator to determine the correct set of arguments to use; it will be slightly different from system to system, and a comprehensive list of the possibilities is beyond the scope of this document. If you are using Human68k to write the floppy images to disks, you should use the "rawrite" utility, provided in the "x68k/utils" directory of the NetBSD distribution. It will write the file system images (.fs files) to disks. Note that, when installing, the install floppy MUST not be write-protected. The install program needs to write some temporary files, and if the disk is write-protected, it can't. If you're upgrading your system, the upgrade floppy may be write-protected. Obviously, the steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation or upgrade depend on which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media are outlined below. To install or upgrade NetBSD using To install or upgrade NetBSD using a removable SCSI harddisk or MO, you need to the following: To install NetBSD from a removablethe media MUST be of the IBM `Super-floppy' format. The Human68k format is not recognized by this release of the NetBSD/x68k. If you have a MS-DOS (or MS-Windows) machine with an MO drive connected, use it. If you don't, and if you have a program to handle IBM format MO for Human68k, copy all the files in the subdirectory "x68k/binaries" and CHANGE THEIR NAMES IN UPPER CASE. To install or upgrade NetBSD using a tape, you need to do the following: To install NetBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in "tar" format. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like: tar cf <tape_device> <dist_directories> where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device that describes the tape drive you're using (possibly /dev/rst0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to system. (If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.) In the above example, "<dist_directories>" are the distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the "base" and "etc" distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the following: cd .../NetBSD-1.3.3 # the top of the tree cd x68k/binary/sets tar cf <tape_device> base.tgz etc.tgz (Note that you still need to fill in "<tape_device>" in the example.) Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. To install or upgrade NetBSD using a remote partition, mounted via NFS, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. Place the NetBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading NetBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file on of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. To install or upgrade NetBSD by using FTP to get the installation sets, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. The preparations for this installation/upgrade method are easy; all you make sure that there's some FTP site from which you can retrieve the NetBSD distribution when you're about to install or upgrade. You need to know the numeric IP address of that site, and, if it's not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading NetBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the NetBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the NetBSD machine itself. Once you have this information, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing NetBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. If you are upgrading NetBSD, you also have the option of installing NetBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, you must do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base.tgz" set somewhere in your file system. If you wish, you can do the other sets, as well, but you should NOT upgrade the "etc" distribution; the "etc" distribution contains system configuration files that you should review and update by hand. Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system. Preparing your System for NetBSD Installation: --------- ---- ------ --- ------ ------------ NOTE: Currently NetBSD/x68k requires a dedicated disk when you install it for the first time. In other words NetBSD/x68k cannot be installed on the hard disk on which Human68k or any other operating systems reside. This is because of the poor installer, and the system itself can share a single disk with other OSs. This problem should be fixed in the next release. What you have to do to prepare the disk is only to physically format your hard disk by using FORMAT.x utility of Human68k to install the master boot program on your disk. You can now proceed with the installation instructions. Installing the NetBSD System: ---------- --- ------ ------ Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble. Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e. the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The NetBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the kernel can't figure out its geometry.) You should now be ready to install NetBSD. It might be handy for you to have a pencil, some paper, and a calculator handy. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting NetBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. Boot your machine using of boot floppy. If the boot prompt does not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either have a bad boot floppy or a hardware problem. Try writing the boot floppy image to a different disk, and using that. If it still doesn't work, NetBSD probably can't be run on your hardware. This can probably be considered a bug, so you might want to report it. If you do, please include as many details about your system configuration as you can. It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy, probably around a minute or so. You will then be presented with the NetBSD kernel boot messages. You will want to read them, to determine your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like "sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your disk's geometry when creating NetBSD's partitions. You will also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what disk to install on. While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You should be warned that no swap space is present, and that init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a shell name, just hit return. You will be presented with a welcome message and a prompt, asking if you wish to proceed with the installation process. If you wish to proceed, enter "y" and hit return. The install program will then tell you which disks it can install on, and ask you which it should use. Reply with the name of your disk. You will then be asked to name your disk's disklabel. The default response is "mysd", and for most purposes it will be OK. If you choose to name it something different, make sure the name is a single word and contains no special characters. You don't need to remember this name. You will be prompted for your disk's geometry information, i.e. the number of bytes per sector, cylinders on the disk, tracks per cylinder (heads), and sectors per track. Enter them when they are requested. If you make a mistake, hit Control-C and when you get to the shell prompt, restart the install process by running the "install" command. Once you have entered this data, the install program will tell you the total size of your disk, in both sectors, and cylinders. Remember this number; if you're installing on the whole disk, you'll need it again soon. When describing your partitions, you will have the option of entering data about them in units of disk sectors or cylinders. If you choose to enter the information in units of sectors, remember that, for optimal performance, partitions should begin and end on cylinder boundaries. You will be asked about which units you wish to use, and you should reply with "c" for cylinders, or "s" for sectors. You will be asked to enter the size of your NetBSD root partition. It should be at least 15M, but if you are going to be doing development, 20M is a more desirable size. This size should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders, depending on which you said you wanted to use. Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition. You should probably allocate twice as much swap space as you have real memory. Systems that will be heavily used should have more swap space allocated, and systems that will be lightly used can get by with less. If you want the system to be able to save crash dumps when it panics, you will need at least as much swap space as you have RAM. Again, this number should be expressed in units of sectors or cylinders, as appropriate. The install program will then ask you for information about the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For most purposes, you will want only one more partition, "/usr". (Machines used as servers will probably also want /var as a separate partition. That can be done with these installation tools, but is not covered here.) The install program will tell you how much space there is left to be allocated in the NetBSD area of the disk, and, if you only want one more partition ("/usr"), you should enter it at the prompt when the installer asks you how large the next partition should be. It will then ask you for the name of the mount point for that partition. If you're doing a basic installation, that is "/usr". YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN. Nothing has been written to your disk yet, but if you confirm that you want to install NetBSD, your hard drive will be modified, and its contents may be scrambled at the whim of the install program. This is especially likely if you have given the install program incorrect information. If you are sure you want to proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt. The install program will now label your disk and make the file systems you specified. The filesystems will be initialized to contain NetBSD bootstrapping binaries and configuration files. It will also create an /etc/fstab for your system, and mount all of the file systems under /mnt. (In other words, your root partition will be mounted on /mnt, your /usr partition on /mnt/usr, and so on.) There should be no errors in this section of the installation. If there are, restart from the beginning of the installation process. You will be placed at a shell prompt ("#"). The remaining tasks are to copy the kernel from the kernel copy floppy to the hard drive's root filesystem and install the distribution sets. The flow of installation differs depending on your hardware resources, and on what media the distribution sets reside. To install from removable hard disk: The first thing you should do is pick a temporary directory where the distribution files can be stored. To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The default is /mnt/usr/distrib. Insert the media onto the drive. Check the device name of your drive from the boot message. The device name is something like "sd2" depending on the SCSI disk drives connected to your machine. Note that the boot message can be displayed with the command "more /kern/msgbuf". Mount the disk on the temporary directory with a command like: mount -t msdos /dev/sd2c <tmp_dir> if your removable drive's name is sd2. Run the "Extract" command once for each distribution set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to install the "base" distribution set, followed by the "kern" distribution set, and finally the "etc" distribution set, use the commands: Extract base Extract kern Extract etc For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it will print out the name of each file that's being extracted. To install from floppy: The first thing you should do is pick a temporary directory where the distribution files can be stored. To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget that if your disk is still mounted under /mnt; you should probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the "Load_fd" command, to load the distribution sets from your floppies. You will be asked which floppy drive to use. Enter "0" (zero) if you're using the first floppy drive (i.e. what DOS would call "A:"), or enter "1" if you're using the second. You will be prompted to insert a floppy into the drive, to have its contents copied to your hard disk. Do so, and hit return to begin copying. When that is done, read the remainder of the floppies that contain the distribution sets that you want to install, one by one. When the last is read, and you are being prompted for another, hit Control-C. Run the "Extract" command once for each distribution set you wish to install. For instance, if you wish to install the "base" distribution set, followed by the "kern" distribution set, and finally the "etc" distribution set, use the commands: Extract base Extract kern Extract etc For each extraction, it will ask you if the extraction should be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, it will print out the name of each file that's being extracted. (Note: if you know that you will be running low on disk space when installing NetBSD, you can load and extract one distribution set at a time. To do this, load only the floppies which contain the files for the first distribution set, extract them, and then change to the temporary directory and remove them with the command "rm set_name.??".) Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that you wish to install, you should proceed to the instructions below (after the last install medium type-specific instructions), that explain how you should configure your system. To install from tape: The first thing you should do is pick a temporary directory where the distribution files can be stored. To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The default is /mnt/usr/distrib. After you have picked a temporary directory, enter the "Load_tape" command, to load the distribution sets from tape. You will be asked which tape drive to use. The default is "rst0", which is correct if you're using the SCSI tape drive with the lowest SCSI ID number. (For the SCSI tape drive with the next lowest SCSI ID number, you should use "rst1", and so on.) You will be prompted to hit return when you have inserted the tape into the tape drive. When you do, the contents of the tape will be extracted into the temporary directory, and the names of the files being extracted will be printed. After the tape has been extracted, to go the directory containing the first distribution set you wish to install. (Depending on how you made the tape, it's probably a subdirectory of the temporary directory you specified above.) Once there, run the "Set_tmp_dir" command again, and accept its default answer by hitting return at the prompt. Use the "Extract" command to extract the distribution set. For instance, if you're extracting the "base" set, use the command: Extract base You will be asked if you wish the extraction to be verbose. If you reply affirmatively, the name of each file being extracted will be printed. Repeat the previous two steps for each distribution set you wish to install. Change to the set's directory, run "Set_tmp_dir", and then run "Extract <set_name>" to extract the set. Once you are finished extracting all of the sets that you wish to install, you should proceed to the instructions below (after the last install medium type-specific instructions), that explain how you should configure your system. To install via FTP or NFS: The first thing you should do is pick a temporary directory where the distribution files can be stored. To do this, enter the command "Set_tmp_dir", and enter the name of the temporary directory. (Don't forget that your disk is mounted under /mnt; you should probably pick a directory under /mnt/usr.) The default is /mnt/usr/distrib. Configure the SLIP interface, with the following command sequence: slattach -h -s <speed> tty00 ifconfig sl0 <my_ipaddr> <peer_ipaddr> where "<speed>" is the network speed, and "<my_ipaddr>" is the numeric IP address of the machine you are going to install NetBSD/x68k, while "<peer_ipaddr>" is the address of the peer machine connected with your machine. You might have to configure the peer SLIP interface with similar sequence (depending on the peer system). For instance, the sequence slattach -h -s 38400 tty00 ifconfig sl0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.10 configures the SLIP interface for the network between your machine (with IP address 192.168.0.1) and the peer (192.168.0.10) with speed 38400 bps. Note that IP addresses 192.168.*.* are the private IP addresses described in RFC 1597. If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets, mount them on the temporary directory with a command like: mount -t nfs <serv_ipaddr>:<dist_dir> <tmp_dir> where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address, <dist_dir> is the path to the distribution files on the server, and <tmp_dir> is the name of the local temporary directory. Once this is done, proceed as if you had loaded the files from tape, changing to the appropriate directories, running "Set_tmp_dir", and running "Extract" as appropriate. If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp, change into the temporary directory, and execute the command: ftp <serv_ipaddr> where <serv_ipaddr> is once again the server's numeric IP address. Get the files with FTP, taking care to use binary mode when transferring the files. Once you have all of the files for the distribution sets that you wish to install, you can proceed using the instructions above, as if you had installed from a floppy. (Note that as with the floppy install, if you're short on disk space, you can transfer only one set at a time, extract it, then delete it, to save space.) Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets that you wish to install, and are back at the "#" prompt, you are ready to configure your system. The configuration utility expects that you have installed the "base" and "etc" distribution sets. If you have not, you will not be able to run it successfully (nor will you have a functional system, in any case). To configure your newly-installed NetBSD system, run the command "Configure". It will ask you for the system's host name, domain name, and other network configuration information. It will set up your configuration files and make the device nodes for the newly-installed system. Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.3.3. When you reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should create yourself an account and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.3.3 distribution might need to be tailored for your site. In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc including /etc/rc.conf will probably need to be modified, as well. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it. Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System: --------- - ---------- --------- ------ ------ The upgrade to NetBSD 1.3.3 is a binary upgrade; it can be quite difficult to advance to a later version by recompiling from source due primarily to interdependencies in the various components. To do the upgrade, you must have the bootable install floppy (boot.fs). You must also have at least the "base.tgz" and "kern.tgz" binary distribution sets available, so that you can upgrade with it, using one of the upgrade methods described below. Finally, you must have sufficient disk space available to install the new binaries. Since the old binaries are being overwritten in place, you only need space for the new binaries, which weren't previously on the system. If you have a few megabytes free on each of your root and /usr partitions, you should have enough space. Since upgrading involves replacing the boot blocks on your NetBSD partition, the kernel, and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to BACK UP ANY IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK, whether on the NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade process. To upgrade your system, follow the following instructions: Boot your machine using of the boot.fs floppy. While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You should be warned that no swap space is present, and that init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a shell name, just hit return. Note that once it booted, you may remove the floppy from the drive. You will be presented with some information about the upgrade process and a warning message, and will be asked if you wish to proceed with the upgrade process. If you answer negatively, the upgrade process will stop, and your disk will not be modified. If you answer affirmatively, the upgrade process will begin, and your disk will be modified. You may hit Control-C to stop the upgrade process at any time. However, if you hit it at an inopportune moment, your system may be left in an inconsistent (and possibly unusable) state. You will be asked if you wish to upgrade your file systems to the new file system format. If you do, reply affirmatively. If you don't have your file systems upgraded now, you should probably do it manually after the install process is complete, by using "fsck -c 2". Read the fsck(8) manual page for more details. Note that this step is only important when upgrading from a pre-NetBSD 1.0 release. The upgrade program will then check your root file system, and, if you approved, will upgrade it to the new file system format. It will then mount your root file system on /mnt. If your file systems are being upgraded, the upgrade script will copy the new fsck(8) program to your hard disk and upgrade your remaining file systems. The upgrade program will then automatically replace the boot blocks on your disk with newer versions, and mount all of your file systems under /mnt. (In other words, your root partition will be mounted on /mnt, your /usr partition on /mnt/usr, etc.) If you don't already have the NetBSD distribution sets on your disk, look in the installation section for information on how to transfer them to your disk. If you don't have the disk space to copy all of the distribution onto the hard drive, you can do the following: Install a kernel on the hard drive as detailed a few paragraphs below, then boot off the hard drive. Now you can copy and install distribution sets incrementally from your lone floppy drive. Once the distribution sets are transferred to your disk, continue here. (Obviously, if the NetBSD distribution sets are already on your disk, because you've transferred them before starting the upgrade process, you don't need to transfer them again now!) After the software has been transferred to the machine (or mounted, in the case of upgrading via NFS or CD-ROM), change into the directory containing the "base.tgz" distribution set. Once you are there, run the "Set_tmp_dir" command, and hit return at the prompt to select the default answer for the temporary directory's path name. (It should be the path name of the directory that you're in.) Run the command "Extract kern" to upgrade the kernel. Run the command "Extract base" to upgrade the base distribution. Repeat the above two steps for all of the sets you wish to upgrade. (For each, change into the directory containing the set, run "Set_tmp_dir" and accept the default path name, then run the "Extract <setname>" command.) If you were previously using the security distribution set, you MUST upgrade to the new version, or you will not be able to log in when the upgrade process is complete. Similarly, if you were not previously using the security set, you must NOT upgrade to the new version. When you are done upgrading all of the distribution sets you wish to upgrade, issue the command "Cleanup". It will clean up the installation, by remaking some system databases. When it is complete, all you have to do is to reboot(8) your system. Your system has now been upgraded to NetBSD 1.3.3. After a new kernel has been copied to your hard disk, your machine is a complete NetBSD 1.3.3 system. However, that doesn't mean that you're finished with the upgrade process. There are several things that you should do, or might have to do, to insure that the system works properly. First, if you did not upgrade your file systems to the new file system format during the upgrade process, and you are upgrading from a pre-1.0 NetBSD, you may want to do so now, with "fsck -c 2". If you are unsure about the process, it's suggested that you read the fsck(8) manual page. Second, you will probably want to get the etc distribution, extract it, and compare its contents with those in your /etc/ directory. You will probably want to replace some of your system configuration files, or incorporate some of the changes in the new versions into yours. Third, you will probably want to update the set of device nodes you have in /dev. If you've changed the contents of /dev by hand, you will need to be careful about this, but if not, you can just cd into /dev, and run the command "sh MAKEDEV all". Fourth, you must deal with certain changes in the formats of some of the configuration files. The most notable change is that the "options" given to many of the file systems in /etc/fstab or by hand have changed, and some of the file systems have changed names. *IMPORTANT*: ANY INSTANCES OF "ufs" IN /etc/fstab MUST BE CHANGED TO "ffs". To find out what the new options are, it's suggested that you read the manual page for the file systems' mount commands, for example mount_nfs(8) for NFS. (Note that the information for mounts of type "ffs", i.e. Fast File Systems, are contained in the mount(8) man page.) Finally, you will want to delete old binaries that were part of the version of NetBSD that you upgraded from and have since been removed from the NetBSD distribution. If you are upgrading from a pre-1.0 NetBSD, you might also want to recompile any locally-built binaries, to take advantage of the shared libraries. (Note that any new binaries that you build will be dynamically linked, and therefore take advantage of the shared libraries, by default. For information on how to make statically linked binaries, see the cc(1) and ld(1) manual pages.) Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases: ------------- ------ ---- -------- ------ -------- Users upgrading from previous versions of NetBSD may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to NetBSD 1.3.3: * Swap configuration Description: All swap partitions are now configured by the swapctl(8) program. The kernel no longer configures a "default" swap partition. Because of this, all swap partitions (even the old "default") must be listed in /etc/fstab. Many users of previous releases relied on the kernel configuring a "default" swap partition and did not list any swap space in /etc/fstab at all -- such users will now have no swap space configured unless they list swap partitions in /etc/fstab! Common symptoms of of this problem include machine crashes during builds, and similar memory intensive activities. Fix: The most common position for a swap partition is the `b' partition of the drive the root file system is on. For diskless systems, check the new swapctl(8) manual for more detail on how this is done. Example fstab entries: /dev/sd0b none swap sw,priority=0 /dev/sd1b none swap sw,priority=5 * NFS daemons and other programs in /sbin moved Description: The NFS daemons (nfsd, nfsiod, mountd) have been moved from the /sbin to the /usr/sbin directory. When new binaries are loaded over old ones during upgrade, most programs get overlaid and replaced, but unless these binaries are explicitly removed they will not disappear. The installation subsystems on some NetBSD architectures will not properly remove these binaries. Due to changes in the NFS subsystem, the old NFS daemon binaries will not work correctly, and will cause serious problems. Unfortunately, the default startup script (/etc/rc) will run the old binaries in /sbin if they are present instead of the new ones in /usr/sbin. Some other programs (dumpfs, dumplfs and quotacheck) have also been moved from /sbin to /usr/sbin, and old versions may be left behind by accident. They, too, may cause difficulties. Fix: Remove the old daemon binaries (/sbin/nfsiod, /sbin/nfsd, /sbin/mountd, etc.) after your upgrade has finished. You may wish to do an "ls -lt /sbin | more" to help determine which binaries were not replaced/removed during your upgrade. * AMANDA, The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver, from http://www.amanda.org Description: Due to a change in the output of dump(8) to ensure consistency in the messages, AMANDA's dump output parser breaks. Error messages such as the following may be an indication that this problem is present: FAILURE AND STRANGE DUMP SUMMARY: hostname wd0e lev 1 FAILED [no backup size line] Versions affected: 2.3.0.4, and most likely earlier versions Workaround/Fix: One of: * Apply the patch found at: ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/misc/patches/amanda-pre-2.4.patch * Upgrade to AMANDA 2.4.0 or newer. The side effect of this is that the network protocol is incompatible with earlier versions. Using online NetBSD documentation ----- ------ ------ ------------- Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the "man pages" (documentation) are denoted by 'name(section)'. Some examples of this are intro(1), man(1), apropros(1), passwd(1), and passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The 'man' command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering 'man [section] topic'. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the least-numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter man passwd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter man 5 passwd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word where "subject-word" is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. Administrivia: ------------- If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at <majordomo@NetBSD.ORG>. To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: netbsd-comments@NetBSD.ORG To report bugs, use the 'send-pr' command shipped with NetBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.ORG Use of 'send-pr' is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the NetBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of NetBSD. Use majordomo to find their addresses. If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the "owner" of that port (listed below). If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send mail and/or subscribe to: netbsd-help@NetBSD.ORG As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. Thanks go to: ------ -- -- Members and former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, including (but not limited to): Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick for their ongoing work on BSD systems, support, and encouragement. Also, our thanks go to: Mike Hibler Rick Macklem Jan-Simon Pendry Chris Torek for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work they've done. UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor. Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and for a long time provided the primary FTP site for NetBSD. Best Internet Communications for hosting the NetBSD FTP and SUP server. Cygnus Support for hosting the NetBSD Mail server. Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. Dave Burgess <burgess@cynjut.infonet.net> has been maintaining the 386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be recognized for it. The following people (in alphabetical order) have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support NetBSD development, and deserve credit for it: Bay Area Internet Solutions Jason Brazile David Brownlee Simon Burge Dave Burgess Ralph Campbell Canada Connect Corporation Brian Carlstrom James Chacon Bill Coldwell Charles Conn Tom Coulter Charles D. Cranor Christopher G. Demetriou Demon Internet, UK Easynet, UK Scott Ellis Free Hardware Foundation Greg Gingerich Michael L. Hitch Innovation Development Enterprises of America Scott Kaplan Chris Legrow Neil J. McRae Perry E. Metzger MS Macro System GmbH, Germany Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility, NASA Ames Research Center Herb Peyerl Mike Price Thor Lancelot Simon Bill Sommerfeld Paul Southworth Jason R. Thorpe Steve Wadlow (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing NetBSD since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!) We are: -- --- (in alphabetical order) The NetBSD core group: Paul Kranenburg <pk@NetBSD.ORG> Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@NetBSD.ORG> Scott Reynolds <scottr@NetBSD.ORG) Jason Thorpe <thorpej@NetBSD.ORG> Christos Zoulas <christos@NetBSD.ORG> The port-masters (and their ports): Mark Brinicombe <mark@NetBSD.ORG> (arm32) Jeremy Cooper <jeremy@NetBSD.ORG> (sun3x) Chuck Cranor <chuck@NetBSD.ORG> (mvme68k) Charles Hannum <mycroft@NetBSD.ORG> (i386) Ross Harvey <ross@NetBSD.ORG> (alpha) Chris Hopps <chopps@NetBSD.ORG> (amiga) Eduardo Horvath <eeh@NetBSD.ORG> (sparc64) Paul Kranenburg <pk@NetBSD.ORG> (sparc) Ted Lemon <mellon@NetBSD.ORG> (pmax) Anders Magnusson <ragge@NetBSD.ORG> (vax) Tsubai Masanari <tsubai@NetBSD.ORG> (macppc, newsmips) Phil Nelson <phil@NetBSD.ORG> (pc532) Masaru Oki <oki@NetBSD.ORG> (x68k) Scott Reynolds <scottr@NetBSD.ORG> (mac68k) Gordon Ross <gwr@NetBSD.ORG> (sun3, sun3x) Kazuki Sakamoto <sakamoto@NetBSD.ORG> (bebox) Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@NetBSD.ORG> (powerpc) Jonathan Stone <jonathan@NetBSD.ORG> (pmax) Jason Thorpe <thorpej@NetBSD.ORG> (hp300) Frank van der Linden <fvdl@NetBSD.ORG> (i386) Leo Weppelman <leo@NetBSD.ORG> (atari) The NetBSD 1.3.3 Release Engineering team: Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@NetBSD.ORG> Ted Lemon <mellon@NetBSD.ORG> Perry Metzger <perry@NetBSD.ORG> Jason Thorpe <thorpej@NetBSD.ORG> Supporting cast: Steve Allen <wormey@NetBSD.ORG> Lennart Augustsson <augustss@NetBSD.ORG> Christoph Badura <bad@NetBSD.ORG> Manuel Bouyer <bouyer@NetBSD.ORG> Robert V. Baron <rvb@NetBSD.ORG> John Birrell <jb@NetBSD.ORG> Manuel Bouyer <bouyer@NetBSD.ORG> John Brezak <brezak@NetBSD.ORG> Allen Briggs <briggs@NetBSD.ORG> Aaron Brown <abrown@NetBSD.ORG> David Brownlee <abs@NetBSD.ORG> Simon Burge <simonb@NetBSD.ORG> Dave Burgess <burgess@cynjut.infonet.net> Dave Carrel <carrel@NetBSD.ORG> Bill Coldwell <billc@NetBSD.ORG> Alistair Crooks <agc@NetBSD.ORG> Aidan Cully <aidan@NetBSD.ORG> Rob Deker <deker@NetBSD.ORG> Chris G. Demetriou <cgd@NetBSD.ORG> Matthias Drochner <drochner@NetBSD.ORG> Enami Tsugutomo <enami@NetBSD.ORG> Bernd Ernesti <veego@NetBSD.ORG> Erik Fair <fair@NetBSD.ORG> Hubert Feyrer <hubertf@NetBSD.ORG> Thorsten Frueauf <frueauf@NetBSD.ORG> Brian R. Gaeke <brg@dgate.org> Thomas Gerner <thomas@NetBSD.ORG> Justin Gibbs <gibbs@NetBSD.ORG> Adam Glass <glass@NetBSD.ORG> Michael Graff <explorer@NetBSD.ORG> Brad Grantham <grantham@tenon.com> Matthew Green <mrg@NetBSD.ORG> Juergen Hannken-Illjes <hannken@NetBSD.ORG> Charles M. Hannum <mycroft@NetBSD.ORG> Eric Haszlakiewicz <erh@NetBSD.ORG> Michael L. Hitch <osymh@NetBSD.ORG> Ken Hornstein <kenh@NetBSD.ORG> Marc Horowitz <marc@NetBSD.ORG> ITOH Yasufumi <itohy@NetBSD.ORG> Matthew Jacob <mjacob@NetBSD.ORG> Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj <lonhyn@NetBSD.ORG> Darrin Jewell <dbj@NetBSD.ORG> Lawrence Kesteloot <kesteloo@cs.unc.edu> Klaus Klein <kleink@NetBSD.ORG> John Kohl <jtk@NetBSD.ORG> Kevin Lahey <kml@NetBSD.ORG> Ted Lemon <mellon@NetBSD.ORG> Mike Long <mikel@NetBSD.ORG> Paul Mackerras <paulus@NetBSD.ORG> Neil J. McRae <neil@NetBSD.ORG> Perry Metzger <perry@NetBSD.ORG> Luke Mewburn <lukem@NetBSD.ORG> Minoura Makoto <minoura@NetBSD.ORG> der Mouse <mouse@NetBSD.ORG> Tohru Nishimura <nisimura@NetBSD.ORG> Greg Oster <oster@NetBSD.ORG> Herb Peyerl <hpeyerl@NetBSD.ORG> Matthias Pfaller <matthias@NetBSD.ORG> Dante Profeta <dante@NetBSD.ORG> Chris Provenzano <proven@NetBSD.ORG> Waldi Ravens <waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net> Darren Reed <darrenr@NetBSD.ORG> Tim Rightnour <garbled@NetBSD.ORG> Heiko W. Rupp <hwr@NetBSD.ORG> SAITOH Masanobu <msaitoh@NetBSD.ORG> Kazuki Sakamoto <sakamoto@NetBSD.ORG> Curt Sampson <cjs@NetBSD.ORG> Wilfredo Sanchez <wsanchez@NetBSD.ORG> Ty Sarna <tsarna@NetBSD.ORG> Matthias Scheler <tron@NetBSD.ORG> Karl Schilke (rAT) <rat@NetBSD.ORG> Tim Shepard <shep@NetBSD.ORG> Chuck Silvers <chs@NetBSD.ORG> Thor Lancelot Simon <tls@NetBSD.ORG> Noriyuki Soda <soda@NetBSD.ORG> Wolfgang Solfrank <ws@NetBSD.ORG> Bill Sommerfeld <sommerfeld@NetBSD.ORG> Ignatios Souvatzis <is@NetBSD.ORG> Bill Studenmund <wrstuden@NetBSD.ORG> Kevin Sullivan <sullivan@NetBSD.ORG> Kimmo Suominen <kim@NetBSD.ORG> Matt Thomas <matt@NetBSD.ORG> Christoph Toshok <toshok@NetBSD.ORG> Todd Vierling <tv@NetBSD.ORG> Paul Vixie <vixie@NetBSD.ORG> Krister Walfridsson <kristerw@NetBSD.ORG> Nathan Williams <nathanw@NetBSD.ORG> Colin Wood <ender@NetBSD.ORG> Steve Woodford <scw@NetBSD.ORG> Dedication: ---------- The Release Engineering team would like to dedicate the NetBSD 1.3 release to the memory of the late Koji Imada, who was killed in a motorcycle accident in August, 1997 at the age of 28. A doctoral student in Mathematical Science at Nagoya University, he was a user of NetBSD and a contributor to the project since 1993. Well remembered by his friends, he was also known as a connoisseur of gins, teas, and the motorcycles he loved to ride. His death came as a shock, and he will be greatly missed by all of us. May he rest in peace. Legal Mumbo-jumbo: ----- ----- ----- The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document: This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engineering Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Adam Glass and Charles Hannum. This product includes software developed by Adam Glass. This product includes software developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor and Washington University. This product includes software developed by Charles D. Cranor. This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum, by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman, by William F. Jolitz, and by the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and its contributors. This product includes software developed by Charles Hannum. This product includes software developed by Charles M. Hannum. This product includes software developed by Chris Provenzano. This product includes software developed by Christian E. Hopps. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. This product includes software developed by Christos Zoulas. This product includes software developed by David Jones and Gordon Ross. This product includes software developed by Dean Huxley. This product includes software developed by Eric S. Hvozda. This product includes software developed by Ezra Story. This product includes software developed by Gordon Ross. This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross and Leo Weppelman. This product includes software developed by Gordon W. Ross. This product includes software developed by Herb Peyerl. This product includes software developed by Ian W. Dall. This product includes software developed by Ignatios Souvatzis for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe for And Communications, http://www.and.com/. This product includes software developed by Joachim Koenig-Baltes. This product includes software developed by Jochen Pohl for The NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by John Polstra. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone and Jason R. Thorpe for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone for the NetBSD Project. This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone. This product includes software developed by Julian Highfield. This product includes software developed by Kenneth Stailey. This product includes software developed by Leo Weppelman. This product includes software developed by Lloyd Parkes. This product includes software developed by Mark Brinicombe. This product includes software developed by Markus Wild. This product includes software developed by Martin Husemann and Wolfgang Solfrank. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson and Charles D. Cranor. This product includes software developed by Mats O Jansson. This product includes software developed by Matthias Pfaller. This product includes software developed by Paul Kranenburg. This product includes software developed by Paul Mackerras. This product includes software developed by Peter Galbavy. This product includes software developed by Philip A. Nelson. This product includes software developed by Rodney W. Grimes. This product includes software developed by Scott Bartram. This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th. This product includes software developed by Terrence R. Lambert. This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt and John Brezak. This product includes software developed by Theo de Raadt. This product includes software developed by TooLs GmbH. This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc. This product includes software developed by the Center for Software Science at the University of Utah. This product includes software developed by the University of Calgary Department of Computer Science and its contributors. This product includes software developed by the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Garrett A. Wollman. This product includes software developed for the FreeBSD project. This product includes software developed for the Internet Software Consortium by Ted Lemon. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Frank van der Linden. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Jason R. Thorpe. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by John M. Vinopal. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthias Drochner. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Matthieu Herrb. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Perry E. Metzger. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Piermont Information Systems Inc. This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by Ted Lemon. This product includes software developed by Masaru Oki. This product includes software developed by Masanobu Saitoh. This product includes software developed by Takumi Nakamura. This product includes software developed by Kazuhisa Shimizu. This product includes software developed by Takuya HARAKAWA. This product includes software developed by MINOURA Makoto. This product includes software developed by Yasushi YAMASAKI. This product includes software developed by ITOH Yasufumi.